Experts note that these low-lying countries face major environmental risks such as flooding and rising sea levels but benefit from easier transport, farming, and construction.

While towering mountain ranges like the Himalayas, Andes, and Alps dominate the global landscape, several nations around the world are remarkably flat, with no natural mountains within their borders. These countries, often characterised by low elevation and gentle terrain, provide a stark contrast to their mountainous counterparts and offer unique geographical, environmental, and cultural identities.

Vatican City: The smallest and flattest sovereign state

Among the most notable examples is Vatican City, the world’s smallest independent state, surrounded by the city of Rome. With an area of just 0.49 square kilometres, Vatican City’s elevation ranges only between 19 and 75 meters above sea level—too low to form any mountainous terrain.

The Maldives: The world’s flattest country

Another famous example is the Maldives, an island nation in the Indian Ocean consisting of more than 1,000 coral islands. The Maldives is recognised as the flattest country on Earth, with an average ground level of just 1.5 meters above sea level and its highest natural point reaching only about 2.4 meters. This extreme flatness makes it particularly vulnerable to rising sea levels caused by climate change.

Kiribati: A nation at sea level

Kiribati, a Pacific island nation spread across the equator, is similarly flat, made up primarily of coral atolls and low-lying islands. Most of its land barely rises more than a few meters above sea level, making it one of the countries most at risk from global warming and oceanic flooding.

Denmark: Rolling hills, but no mountains

In Denmark, though hilly areas exist, the country technically has no true mountains. The highest natural point, Møllehøj, stands at only 170.86 meters above sea level—more a hill than a mountain by international standards. The nation’s gently rolling landscape and fertile plains make it ideal for agriculture and settlement.

Other flat regions across the globe

Other nations with similarly low topography include Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and The Gambia, all of which feature mostly lowlands and minor elevations rather than defined mountain ranges.

Environmental Challenges and Advantages

Experts note that countries without mountains often face distinct environmental challenges. “Flat nations are on the front line of climate change,” says environmental analyst Dr. Rina D’Souza. “They face threats such as flooding, soil erosion, and rising sea levels, which can have severe impacts on infrastructure and habitability.”

Despite these challenges, flat countries enjoy certain advantages, including easier transportation, agriculture, and infrastructure development due to the absence of rugged terrain.

A reminder of Earth’s diversity

In an increasingly climate-conscious world, the stories of these flat nations—from the coral atolls of the Maldives to the pastoral fields of Denmark—serve as reminders of Earth’s diverse landscapes and the shared global responsibility to protect them.

Comparing road trips and train journeys highlights unique travel experiences in India. The choice reflects whether travellers seek adventure or relaxation on their scenic routes.

Travel isn’t just about reaching a destination, it’s about the journey itself. Whether you’re cruising down a highway or watching the countryside roll by from a train window, both road trips and train journeys offer their own brand of magic. But when it comes to scenic views, which truly wins? Let’s compare.

FREEDOM AND FLEXIBILITY: THE ROAD TRIP ADVANTAGE

A road trip gives you complete control over your journey. You decide when to start, where to stop, and how long to stay. This freedom allows you to explore hidden waterfalls, roadside cabes, and lesser-known viewpoints that trains can’t reach.

Every curve of the highway brings a new perspective from winding mountain roads to stretches of desert landscapes, making road trips ideal for spontaneous travelers who crave discovery.

PANORAMIC BEAUTY: WHY TRAINS CAPTURE THE LANDSCAPE BEST

Train journeys, however, offer something road trips can’t: uninterrupted immersion. Without worrying about driving or directions, you can simply sit back and watch the scenery unfold.

From rolling fields and quaint villages to rivers and bridges, trains glide through areas inaccessible by car. Many scenic routes like the Konkan Railway in India or the Glacier Express in Switzerland, are famous for breathtaking, cinematic views that make the entire ride feel like a moving postcard.

COMFORT AND RELAXATION: EASE VS EXCITEMENT

On a train, you can stretch your legs, enjoy snacks, read, or simply gaze out the window without fatigue. The rhythmic motion and lack of traffic make for a calm, meditative experience.

In contrast, road trips bring adventure but also demand attention and stamina. Driving for long hours can be tiring, though frequent breaks and good company can turn it into a joyful group experience.

CONNECTION TO NATURE AND LOCAL LIFE

Road trips let you stop at local stalls, talk to villagers, and experience regional culture up close. You can feel the changing air, smell local food, and hear the sounds of each town.

Trains, meanwhile, offer a wider but more distant view of landscapes perfect for those who enjoy observing nature and life passing by without interruption.

• If you love freedom, adventure, and exploration, a road trip gives you the thrill of the open road and the ability to chase every scenic detour.
• But if you prefer comfort, calm, and uninterrupted beauty, a train journey is unmatched for soaking in landscapes with minimal effort.
• Ultimately, the better choice depends on what kind of traveler you are the explorer behind the wheel or the dreamer by the window.

Planning your 2026 adventures? Discover the top 10 destinations around the world, from Tanzania’s wild safaris to Hong Kong’s green urban escapes, for unforgettable experiences.

As 2026 approaches, it’s time to fuel your wanderlust and start dreaming big. The world is bursting with incredible destinations that promise adventure, culture, and once-in-a-lifetime experiences. Condé Nast Traveler’s latest list of the best places to go in 2026 celebrates locations that are pushing boundaries—whether through new experiences, cultural revitalisation, or untouched natural beauty.

From tropical islands to mountain escapes, bustling cities to secluded rainforests, these destinations are perfect for travellers craving something extraordinary. Here’s a closer look at where your next journey could take you:

1. Arusha, Tanzania | Arusha is redefining safari experiences in 2026. Beyond the traditional wildlife encounters, the city is welcoming a beloved icon and unveiling a new forest safari camp that promises intimate encounters with nature. Imagine waking up to the sounds of the jungle, enjoying a luxury lodge breakfast, and heading out for a guided trek among Africa’s iconic wildlife. Arusha is where adventure meets elegance.

2. East Coast, Barbados | If you’ve been dreaming of the ultimate island escape, the East Coast of Barbados offers unspoiled beaches, hidden coves, and authentic local culture. With more access than ever, travellers can explore untouched fishing villages, enjoy fresh Caribbean cuisine, and bask in turquoise waters without the usual crowds. It’s paradise, upgraded.

3. Brussels, Belgium | Brussels is on a creative comeback, buzzing with energy in art, music, and cuisine. From hidden galleries to vibrant street murals and Michelin-star restaurants, the city offers endless inspiration for culture lovers. Wander through cobblestone streets, sip artisanal coffee in eclectic cafés, and discover a city that is blending its rich history with a fresh modern vibe.

4. Chiriquí Province, Panama | Chiriquí is where castaway dreams come alive. With pristine marine reserves, eco-resorts, and a strong focus on sustainability, it’s the perfect spot for those who love adventure with a conscience. Snorkel among colourful reefs, kayak through quiet rivers, or simply relax in nature’s tranquillity. It’s Panama at its most untouched and magical.

5. Deer Valley, Utah, USA | Deer Valley continues to charm snow lovers and adventure seekers alike. With double the skiable terrain and one last (Sun)dance festival to enjoy, this mountain town blends thrill with luxury. Picture yourself skiing through pristine slopes, sipping hot chocolate by a roaring fire, and immersing in the vibrant arts and festival scene. Winter magic, reimagined.

6. Fès, Morocco | Fès is undergoing a stunning renaissance. Ambitious restoration projects are breathing new life into this ancient city, making it a feast for the senses. Explore colourful souks, admire centuries-old architecture, and lose yourself in a maze of historic streets where modern cafés and artisan workshops bring history to life. A journey to Fès is a journey through time.

7. Gabon, Central Africa | For travellers who crave true isolation and raw natural beauty, Gabon is a revelation. Rainforests meet the Atlantic coast, offering immersive alternatives to typical safari experiences. From trekking through pristine jungles to spotting rare wildlife along the shore, Gabon is adventure at its purest. Expect awe, wonder, and unforgettable encounters with nature.

8. Upper Carniola (Gorenjska), Slovenia | Slovenia’s Upper Carniola region is straight out of a fairy tale. Picture emerald lakes, misty mountains, and charming villages where tradition thrives. It’s perfect for travellers seeking scenic hikes, peaceful lakeside strolls, and cosy local inns. Each corner of Gorenjska tells a story, inviting you to slow down and savour the magic of Europe’s hidden gem.

9. Guadalajara, Mexico | Guadalajara pulses with life in 2026. Known for its world-renowned festivals and the FIFA World Cup excitement, it’s also a hub of female-led creative industries. Dance through colourful streets, taste vibrant local cuisine, and join in the celebrations that make this city a cultural powerhouse. Guadalajara is where tradition meets modern energy.

10. Hong Kong, China | Hong Kong continues to evolve, with expanded green spaces and breathtaking city panoramas. Explore bustling markets, hike scenic trails above the skyline, and unwind in serene urban parks. The city offers the perfect mix of cosmopolitan excitement and natural tranquillity—an urban jungle that never stops surprising.

2026 is shaping up to be the year of discovery. Whether it’s wandering the historic streets of Morocco, chasing sunsets in Barbados, or venturing deep into Gabon’s wilderness, these ten destinations promise to awaken your sense of wonder.

Start planning, pack your bags, and let the world surprise you. Adventure, culture, and nature await—are you ready to explore?

A country once shaped by glaciers and ancient rock formations has quietly become Earth’s freshwater powerhouse. Today it remains home to millions of lakes, an ice-carved land that still surprises many visitors.

Imagine flying over a land so vast and remote that you see no cities for hours, just water. Countless shimmering blue patches appear at every turn.

Now imagine that this country, sprawling across forests, tundra and mountains, has more lakes than any other on the planet. It may sound exaggerated, but the numbers bear out the truth.

The nation in question holds at least 563 lakes larger than 100 km, and many estimates push the total number of lakes, including modest ones, into the millions. Over 60% of the world’s lakes above a given size threshold are in Canada.

By area, Canada’s nearly 9% of the land surface is covered by freshwater lakes.

GLACIAL SCULPTURE AND A SHIELD OF ROCK

The country’s lake richness owes its existence to continental ice sheets long ago.

As glaciers advanced and retreated, they gouged deep basins and left behind mountains of rubble, creating the hollows that filled with melt-water. Much of the terrain is underlain by the ancient rock of the Canadian Shield, exposed, eroded and ideal for lake formation.

Lakes large and small span the breadth of this land: from glacial giants in the far north to countless cottage-strand pools in its southern forests. The same landscapes that once stifled colonial exploration now support a freshwater abundance.

According to the government’s figures, this country has 563 lakes over 100 km — the highest number of any nation. And in the basin of its shared Great Lakes, the freshwater system forms one of the biggest on earth.

A FRESHWATER LEGACY: THE LIVING ROLE OF LAKES

Beyond sheer numbers, these lakes are the lifeblood.

They provide drinking water, irrigation, hydroelectric power and habitats for wildlife. The Great Lakes basin alone supplies millions of people and supports major industries.

Indigenous communities have lived beside and on these waters for millennia. For them, lakes signify not just resource but a connection to land, identity and heritage. Today the lakes offer recreation, tourism and solace.

Yet these lakes are not immune from challenge: climate change, industrial runoff and shoreline development are altering water levels, warming waters and shifting ecosystems.

FUN AND SHOCKING FACTS ABOUT THE LAKE-LAND NATION

• It has over 2 million lakes (including smaller ones) and at least 563 larger than 100 km.
• Lakes, rivers and glaciers cover about 11.7% of its total land area (freshwater and groundwater combined).
• The Great Lakes basin, shared with the United States, holds roughly 18% of the world’s fresh surface water.
• In some remote parts there are 30 lakes for every 100 km of land surface.
• Some lakes in the far north are so remote and frozen that their existence was scarcely known until satellite maps revealed them.

WHY IT MATTERS

Canada’s lakes aren’t just dots on a map, they’re the country’s quiet storytellers.

Each one mirrors a different sky, season and sound. From the frozen stillness of Great Bear Lake in winter to the rippled glow of Lake Louise in summer, these waters hold pieces of Canadian identity, vast, calm, and resilient.

Scientists say many of its lakes are still forming, shaped by shifting ice and sediment. So while most nations count monuments, Canada counts reflections, millions of them, scattered like glass across its landscape, each reminding the world that nature remains its oldest and proudest signature.